7.2 The Nyaya
The Nyaya school has as its basic text the Nyāyasūtra of Gautama, commented by Vatsyayana in his Nyāyabhāṣya. Vārttika are present in the next comment, called Nyāyavārttika and work Uddyotakara. Nyaya deals
kind from his interest in epistemology. In order to achieve liberation, explains the Nyāyasūtra, basic text of the Nyaya, you need to know properly. The Nyaya is therefore devoted to the analysis of cognitive tools (Pramana). The natural world is placed in the category of prameya, ie the cognitive content. The implicit consequence is that the world exists only because it is significant and must be known to be significant. But the categories are the ones to know that our understanding will require. There is therefore room for the aesthetic charm of nature nor an experience of nature that overwhelms the man, as in the West, if the experience of the sublime. Thursday, October 23, 2008
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The consequences of the epistemological nature could be enormous. You could for example believe that the outside world has its existence regardless of who wants to know. However, this has led to moderate or perhaps entirely offset by the fatto che il Nyāya sostenga quello che è stato definito ((? ):52 et passim) un “realismo epistemologico”. In altre parole, si giunge al mondo esclusivamente per il tramite della cornice epistemologica, per cui ogni elemento è ricondotto alle categorie di “soggetto conoscente” (pramātṛ),“strumento conoscitivo” (pramāṇa) e “oggetto conoscibile” (prameya). Tuttavia, si presuppone che quanto conosciuto sia anche effettivamente esistente (astitva jñeyatva “esistere è essere conoscibile”) e che gli strumenti conoscitivi riconosciuti dalla scuola permettano di discernere, all'interno del mondo fenomenico, ciò che realmente existed for what seems to exist only to those who are in error (perhaps for not having studied Nyaya).
I have already referred to as the Nyaya and Vaisesika tend to merge into a single school. In fact, the Nyaya Vaisesika absorb within its own epistemological framework, adopting the ontology Vaisesika as an explanation of what are the "objects knowable" (prameya).
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