Friday, October 24, 2008

Do Married Women Get Jealous

10 instantaneous evolution of these basic concepts: consequences in Tantrism

As highlighted in the text by Raffaele Torella, il Sāṅkhya ha esercitato una larga influenza nella cultura indiana, non tanto sulle altre scuole filosofiche “ortodosse” quanto sull'epica,lo Yoga, l'Ayurveda e sulle correnti così dette tantriche. Come spesso accade nel caso dell'India, anche nel caso di “tantrismo” abbiamo a che fare con un termine di difficile valutazione e certamente non univoco. Diciamo che al giorno d'oggi il termine viene usato in Occidente per pratiche e idee che hanno poco a che fare con i loro ascendenti indiani. Può essere interessante rintracciare le linee genetiche di tali idee,ma senz'altro esse non possono essere legittimamente prestate al mondo culturale indiano. Nell'India contemporanea, d'altronde, il termine tantrika has taken on negative connotations and indicates mostly practitioners of magic. In what follows, however, I refer to current impostasi from the middle of the first millennium of our era in a Buddhist and not, and that emphasize the role of ritual (but proposing new rituals, other than Vedic) and devotion to a being more than a dispenser of grace (especially the Buddha and Bodhisattva on the one hand, Shiva, Vishnu Shakti or the other) that recognize a further revelation after the Vedic and using a range of practices from the beginning, to the power of formulas and graphemes (mantra, mandala) and sounds in general. Aside from these practices of the religious sphere also develop philosophical schools often take their cue from such practices in order to explore possible aspects and meanings. Thus, attention to the power of some wording and speculation about the origin of language Utpaladeva (tenth century) and the subversive practices of certain groups of members should be rethought and internalized in Abhinavagupta (XI century).
Returning to the relationship with the Sankhya, derives from this, perhaps by means of Yoga, the idea that our natural appearance (meaning derived from Prakriti, which is the basis of intellect and sense of self) is both a bond and a resource. Eun link as separates us from recognizing as part of God (As opposed to Sankhya, the Tantric schools are generally theistic, as mentioned), but is also a resource for action on Prakriti allows us to "catch him" and free us from his spell. The Śivasūtra Vasugupta of (possibly ninth century) explains why various tricks to peek inside the joint of the continuum of Prakriti, and go catch it in place so that in this part of his witnesses (sākṣin). Atala end, the Tantric schools often use instead of a progressive path of renunciation to the action and then to Prakriti as action, a way of intensification. Jump in full-Prakriti, they hope, to discover it leads more quickly. Donde riti “enrgetici”.
Anche le divinità venerate hanno subito un'influenza Sāṅkhya. Gli adepti di scuole tantriche venerano infatti un Dio supremo, generalmente chiamato Śiva (Benefico) o Īśvara (Signore) che corrisponde alla pura coscienza (puruṣa) del Sāṅkhya. Come nel Sāṅkhya,viene generalmente ammessa una pluralità di coscienze individuali, anche se, come nell'Advaita Vedānta, così nelle scuole tantriche più estremiste Śiva è l'unica coscienza. Le nostre varie soggettività distinte non sono che illusorie,mentre in quanto esseri coscienti noi siamo già Śiva. Abhinavagupta parla perciò di rivelazione come riconoscimento (pratyabhijñā) substantial identity between the individual soul and God
However, it remains the problem of inactivity of the spirit according to the Sankhya. The Tantric schools develop this aspect in different ways. The schools most extreme opposition to a Shiva conscious, but not inactive, his female counterpart, or Shakti (Power, Energy). This alone is active and able to activate Shiva, who, without her, is not that Sava (corpse). Hence numerous representations, still visible in India, where Shakti of Shiva dancing on the body inactive. These schools, of course, also venerated Shakti above Śiva himself. Schools less extreme, however, as the aforementioned school of recognition, they say that the activity is a quality (guna) of Shiva, and therefore has no separate existence from its owner (Gunin). At any rate, the radical dualism of Sankhya is interrupted.
contrast, the Tantric Buddhism distinguishes between a component otherwise active male (identified with the upaya, the means of salvation, or karuna, compassion) and a quiet female component (identified with the knowledge, gnosis). Apart reversed, as in the ritual remains in the iconography and texts, the same kind of duality and complementarity.

0 comments:

Post a Comment