8.3 Substances in Vaisesika
Substances are then said to be nine:
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• •
fire air ether
• • • space-time
• Self (Atman)
mind
• The first four are in the form of aggregates of atoms are eternal and impermanent. The ether is not directly perceived, but inferred as substrate quality sound, as each quality must necessarily have a substrate (other schools will solve the problem by claiming that the sound is a substance, but this causes other problems, such as that of sound-substance may be seized by the body canal, in addition to the asymmetry with respect to taste, smell, color and tactile qualities). Since the sound may arise ed essere percepito dovunque, l'etere è pensato come unico e onnipervadente. Esso è quindi unico, onnipervadente ed eterno, come tempo, spazio e sé (ātman). Isé sono infatti ristretti a un corpo individuale, nel Vaiśeṣika classico,solo perché il loro tramite conoscitivo,manas, a sua volta eterno,ma atomico,è connesso a un singolo corpo. È però ipotizzabile che nel Vaiśeṣika preclassico l'ātman avesse un'estensione limitata al corpo e ne costituisse perciò il principio animatore responsabile di ogni attività fisica.
Così dicendo abbiamo alluso all'esistenza di due sottogruppi:
•terra,acqua,fuoco,aria,mente
•etere,tempo,spazio,sé The first comprises
atomic substances and capable of moving (in which action may be inherent-that does not mean that they are themselves able to move voluntarily). The second includes the other hand substances which can not be inherent in any action. They are already pervading and therefore can not act, since every action has a shift and is therefore not possible in the case of substances that already pervade everything.
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